For a language-agnostic consideration of the design decision, see What is the advantage of having this/self pointer mandatory explicit?. To close debugging questions where OP omitted a self parameter for a method and got a TypeError, use TypeError: method () takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given instead. If OP omitted self. in the body of the method and got a NameError, consider How can ...
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What is the purpose of the self parameter? Why is it needed?
¿Para qué sirve Self y This en PHP? - Stack Overflow en español
You use a self join when a table references data in itself. E.g., an Employee table may have a SupervisorID column that points to the employee that is the boss of the current employee. To query the data and get information for both people in one row, you could self join like this: