4 While I was reading about why the 'nosebleed' seats are called such a preposterous name at the ballpark, my curiosity was piqued in reference to another ballpark term that has troubled me over the years. The bench-like cheap seats have always been referred to as "bleachers".
etymology - Why are the bleachers called the bleachers? - English ...
These are the signs: * What is it called in general, and what it is called when used in math, to multiply numbers? * is called an asterisk; although sometimes people will use the generic term "star." When it is used in mathematical equations, people say "times." Example 12*2=24 would be read out loud as: Twelve times two equals twenty-four.
I know that ^ is called a caret, but this doesn't seem to apply to the similarly shaped but nonetheless different < and > symbols. The only names I've heard them called is the less-than sign and the greater-than sign, but those names seem rather informal and apply only to their use in math.
In the case of 9th, the superscript shown is indeed called the 'ordinal indicator' as Matt Gutting has noted in his answer. The addition of -th/ -eth relates to numbers 4 to 20 (and similarly,) and is a suffix to the cardinal number.
9 These can be called "brackets." Regarding the side questions, "marks of parenthesis" is the standard term, and parentheses is possible, but a bit breezy. "Parens" is the usual abbreviation.
Over on Stackoverflow, I keep seeing questions wherein posters say: *I have an item named SoAndSo (a table, a file, etc.). Shouldn't it be: *I have an item called SoAndSo. Is "named" an accepta...