As a consequence of the 19th-century Russo-Circassian War and the Circassian genocide, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland and scattered in what was then the Ottoman Empire. The two Circassian languages natively spoken by the Circassian people are western Adyghe and eastern Kabardian.
Amman was primarily a Circassian village until World War I. Amman grew rapidly thanks to Circassian agricultural labor and trade, and mercantile investment from Damascus, Nablus, and Jerusalem, made possible by the construction of the Hejaz Railway. [190]
Circassian, member of a Caucasian people speaking a northwest Caucasian language (see Kabardian language). From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires.
Most of Circassian people are Muslims, and they speak the Circassian language as the primary language, which comprises of three main dialects and many sub-dialects.
The International Association of Circassian Peoples has organized world congresses in which Israeli delegations have taken a very active part .Among the issues raised are the need to revive the language in Russia and diaspora, the desirability of constructing a common literary language and a return to the Latin alphabet .
The Russian-Circassian War (1763-1864) resulted in widespread devastation in Circassian territories, leading to a large-scale exodus and loss of life. Today, significant Circassian communities can be found in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, and other countries due to historical displacement.
As of 2016 several thousand Adyghe reside in Egypt; in addition to the descendants of Burji Mamluks of Adyghe origin, there are many who descend from royal Circassian consorts or Ottoman pashas of Circassian origin as well as Circassian muhajirs of the 19th century.