Wikipedia has [augmented]: The English language was introduced to the Americas by the arrival of the English, beginning in the late 16th century [when the form would be that of the KJV etc, Early Modern English [EME]. Note that since then, 'BrE' has hardly been static itself!
Which is the preferred preposition to use after the word "augmented", as in the sentence "A is augmented with/by B"? Does this depend on context? For concreteness, I am interested in mathematical ...
From Google's definition: aug ment verb ôɡˈment/ 1. make (something) greater by adding to it; increase. "he augmented his summer income by painting houses" When you use augment, you mean that you are adding to something by adding in something else; the word is generally used with a prepositional phrase starting with by or with. Increase doesn't have that sense. Now, to your example. If the ...
In the case of something like "This product features an Augmented Filter Subsystem (AFS)", I would normally capitalise it like that (and include the bracketed abbreviation) on the first reference. I think using such a convention makes it just that little bit easier for the reader to recognise what the abbreviation refers to.
I tend to use the rule that colons should only be before a list, or as an augmented period to indicate that the second part defines or gives an example of the first.
When a female is described as pneumatic it means she has large breasts (possibly artificially augmented by plastic surgery). To my mind, there's also the implication of her being
Increased as a past participle merely means augmented relative to some prior value, e.g., a car traveling at 20 mph that was previously going at 10 mph. Increasing means that the rate has been going up, and continues to go up.