To quote him from an email: "HCO3 (bicarbonate) is a fractional part of CaCO3 (units of the total alkalinity), by means of the molecular weights 100.086 to 61.016 (61.016/100.086 = 0.6096). This concerns mass units only. This says HCO3 is 60.96% of the mass of CaCO3. The titration test for these is the same, using Sulfuric Acid.
I was in a hurry when I wrote No. 2 and so was rather terse. If you add 1 mmole of sodium bicarbonate to a liter of deionized (DI) water 0.98 mmol stays as bicarbonate, 1% converts to carbonic acid and 1% converts to carbonate. If the water has any alkalinity and the pH is lower than 8.38 the acid in it (HCO3- ion) will pull the pH of the mix lower and more of the bicarbonate will convert to ...
Acid, any substance that in water solution tastes sour, changes the color of certain indicators (e.g., reddens blue litmus paper), reacts with some metals (e.g., iron) to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, and promotes certain chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
General properties of acids and bases are described. Arrhenius's definitions and nomenclature of Arrhenius's acids and bases are also presented.
Hydrochloric acid (in beaker) reacting with ammonia fumes to produce ammonium chloride (white smoke). Acids can be dangerous: The holes in the paper were made by a solution with 98% sulfuric acid. An acid is a type of chemical compound. The definition of an acid has changed as people discovered more about chemistry. Acids were originally grouped together by their properties: they taste sour ...